Abstract: Modeling a complex system with a large number of variables at one time and collecting global data on a large scale is usually not practical. It is ideal to model the global system according ...

Interest Rate Probability Distributions Implied by Derivatives Prices is a daily measure of the distribution of future short-term interest rates, calculated from prices of fixed-income derivatives ...

A team of international physicists has brought Bayes’ centuries-old probability rule into the quantum world. By applying the “principle of minimum change” — updating beliefs as little as possible ...

Life is uncertain. None of us know what is going to happen. We know little of what has happened in the past or is happening now outside our immediate experience. Uncertainty has been called the ...

When is it appropriate to completely reinvent the wheel? To an outsider, that seems to happen a lot in category theory, and probability theory isn’t spared from this treatment. We’ve had a useful ...

“The ultimate determinate in war is the man on the scene with the gun. This man is the final power in war. He is in control. He determines who wins.” — J.C. Wylie, Military Strategy: A General Theory ...

Elbow joint effusion refers to swelling in the elbow joint due to a buildup of fluid. It results from inflammation and can happen for various reasons. Possible causes of elbow joint effusion include a ...

Joint pain and weakness can be caused by a number of conditions, including acute injuries, infections, and chronic diseases. The outlook depends on the underlying cause. Share on Pinterest Getty ...

It’s not uncommon to have joint pain when it’s cold, and there are many potential causes. Staying warm, bundling up when you venture outside, and keeping active are a few tips for easing cold-related ...